Table 2 moral courage tools
From: Exploring the foundations and influences of nurses’moral courage: a scoping review
Questionnaire | Author | Year | Item | Likert | Validity | reliability | Score |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
The Professional Moral Courage (PMC) | Sekerka et al. [57] | 2009 | 15 | 7 | Tehranineshat’s et al. study [44] | Cronbach's alpha = 0.956 | 15–105 |
Mekheimer’s Moral Courage Questionnaire: | Mekheimer et al. [75] | 2023 | 4 | 5 | convergent validity = 0.620 | Cronbach's alpha = 0.928 | 4–20 |
Nurse’s Moral Courage Questionnaire | Sadoughi et al. [12] | 2018 | 20 | 5 | S-CVI = 0.87 | Cronbach's alpha = 0.88 | 102–510 |
Khalil’s Moral Courage Questionnaire | Khalilzadeh et al. [76] | 2018 | 51 | 5 | Safarzadeh's [77] study | Cronbach's alpha = 0.951 | 51–255 |
Nurses’ Moral Courage Scale (NMCS) | Numminen et al. [10] | 2017 | 21 | 5 | S-CVI = 0.90 | Cronbach’s alpha = More than 0.7 | 5–105 |
The Moral Courage Questionnaire for Nurses (MCQN) | Dillman, Smyth, and [78] Christian [40] | 2009 | Two open-ended questions and 7 Likert | Two hypothetical scenarios and seven questions | lacks a validly established benchmark | Cronbach’s alpha = 0.801 | 0–42 |