Table 1 Studies that addressed ethical concerns related to mpox
From: Ethical considerations during Mpox Outbreak: a scoping review
Author and Year | Objective | Study design | Country (Study setting) | Sample Size | Findings |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ju W et al. (2023) [46] | The way the media “Washington post-WP” is presenting health crises COVID-19 and mpox infections, and its role in framing stigma among affected communities. | Qualitative content analysis | USA | 15 reports of mpox and 56 reports of COVID-19, making the total 71 online news reports. | Formulation of different stigmas during pandemics, by the early COVID-19 and mpox outbreaks: After stigmatizing China as the origin of COVID-19, the news shifted to stigmatizing Africa. Moreover, it indirectly labels gays as a special group more susceptible to mpox infection. Panic and fear from the spread of COVID-19 infection in China, and the opposite reaction concerning mpox spreading in the United States. |
Alsanafi M et al. (2022) [47] | The study assessed HCPs’ knowledge, trust in disease diagnosis and management, and belief in emerging viral infections. | Cross-sectional study | Kuwait (Web-based survey) | 896 hHCPs: physicians, dentists, nurses, pharmacists, and medical technicians | A lack of knowledge among HCPs regarding mpox infection, diagnosis, and management. False belief that infection is exclusive to homosexuals, results in an attitude of discrimination and stigmatization towards affected persons. |
Dsouza VS et al. (2022) [48] | To identify and map the mpox stigma within the (Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, and more) LGBTQ + community on Twitter | Content analysis | India (Online Content analysis using Twitter) | A total of 66,387 tweets | This study employed a stigma communication model to map and estimate the degree of mpox stigma within the LGBTQ + community on Twitter. The LGBTQ + group faces stigma associated with mpox, which may discourage individuals from seeking treatment and may result in untreated infections. |
Kenyon C (2022) [52] | The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between the national incidence of mpox and the extent of screening for sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) and LGBTQ rights. | Brief Report of ecological analysis | 40 countries participating in the European men who have sex with men (Online Survey) | 127,000 European bisexual | Lower reported rates of STDs screening and a lower occurrence of mpox were seen in nations with more discriminatory views towards homosexuals. |
Ogunbajo A et al. (2022) [53] | To assess the demographics and health beliefs of black gay, bisexual, and other sexual minority men who received a mpox vaccination. | Cross-sectional study | USA (A Community-based intervention) | 178 Black African American, Gay/homosexual 146 (82.0) | Participants had a high socioeconomic position, a high amount of anticipated mpox stigma, and were generally suspicious of mpox, driven by false beliefs. |
Ng QX et al. (2022) [54] | Application of machine learning in analysis of Twitter posts for assessing public sentiment towards the global outbreak of mpox | Content Analysis | Singapore (modeling and Thematic analysis of Twitter) | 352, 182 Twitter posts | The analysis of Twitter data regarding public sentiment about the global outbreak of mpox retrieves main three themes. These include concerns about safety, stigmatization of minority communities, and a general lack of faith in public institutions. |