Table 3 Antecedents related to the concept of conscience-based nursing care
Categories of antecedents of the concept | Subcategories of antecedents of the concept | Some concepts obtained from studies |
|---|---|---|
-Organization | - References - Supportive atmosphere | - One of the factors that nurses frequently express as the leading cause of refusing conscience-based nursing practices is the high workload [3]. - Experience and time acted as a source of guidance and helped the nurses gain confidence in their nursing actions at times of a conflict of conscience [41] - The novice nurses need a massive support from colleagues and managers. Providing adequate support for novice nurses reduces stress and supplies a platform to deliver conscientious nursing care [3]. - A person's identity is dependent on another person in a good or bad relationship, as well as on a voice from within the person, her or his conscience. Confirmation is about both social confirmation from another person and self-confirmation from one's own conscience [61] - In supportive environments where the nurse feels well supported to voice their concerns and feelings they are often more likely to lower or manage their stress levels associated with their conscience [26] |
Professional competence | - Attitude, knowledge and professional skills - Communication with the patient and team work companions - Ethical commitment | - Endeavoring to do the daily nursing tasks in the proper way contributes to keeping the conscience clear [52] - In nursing profession, conscience is considered as a personality—related component of professional competence which promotes nurses' sense of responsibility and requires them to use knowledge and skills in patient care delivery [68] - Nurses identified professional commitment and responsibility as the key element in conscience-based nursing practices [3]. - The ethical and professional principles of care play an important role in enhancing professional conscience [3]. - Nurses' effective communication with patients and colleagues has key roles in the identification of patients' needs and the delivery of conscience—based care [15] - Achieving integrity of conscience is also linked to a professional and humanistic approach to the patient [62]. |
Personality characteristics | - _ _ _ _Individual abilities - _ _ _Individual values - _Individual beliefs | - Practical and theoretical learning was strategy for professional conscience—based care delivery [15] - Nurses declared that religious beliefs may direct the conscience-based practices in performing optimal care. Planning and implementing a comprehensive care requires recognition of patients' needs which might be influenced by religious beliefs [3] - The conscience develops in childhood and is subject to growth during life. It is learned mainly from parents who also learned from previous generations [59] |